The Role of Photoperiodic and Climatic Conditions in the Formation of Bird Biodiversity in Northern Eurasia

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Abstract
The southern limits of the distribution of the Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis in Eurasia are determined by the light regime of the region-outside the zone of the polar day the birds will not come to a state of sexual activity. Northern limits of the range of Snow Bunting in the modern climate of the Arctic is not. The limits of Penetration to the North of the Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris glasses are determined by a set of biotopic, fodder and temperature minima, allowing to penetrate into the Arctic, but not to master most of it. The southern limits of distribution of the Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus are limited by the zone of the polar day defining maturation of gonads, mountain tundras of the polar Urals and bogs of the West Siberian plain. The Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis has no ecological adaptations to the subarctic conditions, but develops its southern half, moving along the forest-tundra and shrubby tundra to the East, which is facilitated by the warming of the climate in Western Siberia. The prospects of changing species habitats in a changing climate are discussed.

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