Wei Ding

The excessive use of herbicides in agricultural fields has emerged as a critical environmental concern. This study innovatively synthesized a ZIF-8@TPPa composite through a solvothermal method for the efficient removal of herbicides from aqueous environment. The material exhibited remarkable adsorption capacities for butachlor (232.56 mg/g), anilofos (188.68 mg/g), and pendimethalin (285.71 mg/g), along with excellent acid–base stability (pH 3–9), strong anti-ion interference capability, and good reusability (adsorption efficiency >80% after five cycles). The adsorption processes were well-described by the two isotherm models and the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that the dominant mechanism is a synergistic effect between monolayer chemical adsorption and multilayer physical adsorption, primarily driven by π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and coordination. The material maintained outstanding adsorption efficiency (>85%) in real water samples (tap water, seawater, and river water). This study not only provides a sustainable and effective strategy for herbicide remediation from aqueous environment but also expands the practical applications of MOF@COF in aqueous environment.

The stereoselective behaviors and dietary risks of metconazole (MZE) in soil and five vegetables were investigated. The results showed that there was species-specific stereoselective and diastereoselective dissipation, and the half-lives ranged from 0.69 to 8.17 days. cis-(+)-1S,5R-MZE was preferentially dissipated in soybean pods, cabbages, celeries, and tomatoes, which was contrary to soybean plants and soil. trans-(+)-1R,5R-MZE was preferentially dissipated in peanut plants, peanut shells, celeries, and tomatoes, while trans-(-)-1S,5S-MZE was preferentially dissipated in soybean plants. cis-MZE was preferentially dissipated in the test vegetables and soil, except celery. The stereoisomeric excess changes were higher than 10%, indicating that the stereoselectivity and diastereoselectivity should be considered in the risk assessment of MZE in soybean plants, pods, and peanut plants. The acute and chronic dietary intake risks of rac-MZE for different groups of people were acceptable. The preferentially dissipated and high activity cis-(+)-1S,5R-MZE with lower toxicity might be suitable for application as monocase.

Seedling blight, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, significantly lowers rice production globally. Earlier reports have opined that endophytic bacteria strains could be possible biocontrol agents, but the mechanistic actions involved are still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate the endophytic bacteria with high inhibitory activity and elucidate its possible mechanisms for inducing resistance by metabolomics. The results showed that mdj-36 had the strongest in vitro pathogen inhibition of F. oxysporum, while mdj-34 displayed the lowest inhibitory activity identified as Bacillus velezensis strains. Metabolomic analyses demonstrated that B. velezensis mdj-36 growth medium could produce higher organic acids, terpenes, and diterpene than B. velezensis mdj-34. Further investigation revealed that ‘secondary bile acid biosynthesis’ and ‘glycerophospholipid metabolism’ pathways played essential roles in defense response towards F. oxysporum. This study’s findings provide a credible theoretical basis for the possible use of the B. velezensis strain against rice seedling blight.

Prothioconazole is a type of broad‐spectrum triazole thione fungicide developed by the Bayer Company. Prothioconazole‐desthio is the main metabolite of prothioconazole in the environment. In our study, enantiomeric separation of prothioconazole and prothioconazole‐desthio was performed on various chiral stationary phases (CSPs) by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that polysaccharide CSPs showed better ability than brushing CSPs in enantiomeric separation. The successful chiral separation of prothioconazole could be achieved on self‐made Chiralcel OD, commercialized Chiralcel OJ‐H and Lux Cellulose‐1. Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IB, Chiralpak IC, Chiralcel OD, Chiralpak AY‐H, Chiralpak AZ‐H, and Lux Cellulose‐1 realized the baseline separation of prothioconazole‐desthio enantiomers. Simultaneous enantiomeric separation of prothioconazole and prothioconazole‐desthio was performed on Lux Cellulose‐1 using acetonitrile (ACN) and water as mobile phase. In most cases, low temperature favored the separation of two compounds. The influence of the mobile phase ratio or type was deeply discussed. We obtained larger Rs and longer analysis time with a smaller proportion of isopropanol (IPA) or ethanol and more water content at the same temperature. The ratio of ACN and water had influences on the outflow orders of prothioconazole‐desthio enantiomers. This work provides a new approach for chiral separation of prothioconazole and prothioconazole‐desthio with a discussion of chiral separation mechanism on different CSPs.