Ze Zhang

This study developed a novel cooling agent based on smart encapsulation technology and systematically evaluated its efficacy and performance characteristics. The active component of the cooling agent specifically targets the cold‐sensing receptor TRPM8, triggering neural signal transmission to the central nervous system and thereby inducing a neurophysiological cooling sensation. The intensity of the cooling response was positively correlated with the concentration of the agent, whereas its duration remained consistent across concentrations, lasting between 1.5 and 2.5 h. In comparison with other cooling ingredients, the developed cooling agent exhibited significant advantages in both the intensity and persistence of the cooling effect. The formulation employs an intelligent water‐triggered release mechanism that effectively extends the release time of the cooling components. Consequently, the cooling agent delivers a strong and sustained cooling effect without causing skin irritation. These attributes underscore its broad application potential in cosmetics, food, and daily chemical products.

The green regeneration of urban inventory is now much more viewed as a strategy to create “green finance”, in contrast to the urban renewal movement that was started in the 1950s and focused on the physical renovation of the built environment. This study draws on evidence-based theory to examine the spatial forms of residential communities in 36 urban districts of China. From a morphological perspective, it summarizes the spatial forms of residential environments at the level of buildings and microdistricts. The results indicate that in urban areas, the aspect ratio and shape coefficient of residential buildings have a significant impact on household energy consumption, and an appropriate increase in building density will help reduce carbon emissions. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the role of carbon reduction as a kind of “green finance” and provides a reference for subsequent urban renewal decisions in combination with China’s actual cases.

As a global phenomenon of political and economic geography, a partial “decoupling” of U.S. and Chinese technology ecosystems is well under way. It should be noted that the biggest manifestation of this decoupling is the U.S. crackdown on Chinese technology companies. The U.S. government has placed over 1000 Chinese firms on the Entity List, Unverified List, Chinese Military firms Sanitations List, and NS-CMIC as a representative action to stifle the Chinese technology industry. The spatial patterns of the technological decoupling between China and the United States can be summed up by looking at the spatial distribution of blacklisted firms. Beyond China, the United States largely works to prevent China from forging indirect business links with U.S. high-tech companies through its allies (for example, the United Kingdom). Core cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen in China, which are also hubs for Chinese high-tech businesses, are the major targets of industrial suppression in the United States. The U.S.-China rivalry will continue to shape the global economic geography in the future.

Opening to the world is considered to be an important reason for China's rapid rise in recent decades. Due to China's unique geographical pattern, the eastern coastal areas have always been the window of China's interaction with the world. Although China's east-west openness gap has been widely recognized, mapping the huge gap is valuable in terms of recognizing mainland China. Foreign direct investment (FDI) reflects the long-term cooperative relationship between China and overseas, and FDI is deemed to show a high level of openness to the outside world. Based on the actual utilized amount of FDI capital of the prefecture-level cities in mainland China in 2016, this study developed an equal FDI capital map. The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) are transformed into two much larger deltas, while non-delta-shaped regional units, including Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), Fujian, Shandong, and Liaoning are also transformed into deltas of different scales. In addition, the distribution of FDI growth rates indicates that delta-shaped openness is being further strengthened in mainland China.

Bicycle-metro integration is theoretically considered to be an effective solution for improving public transportation efficiency of “last mile” between home and metro station in cities. However, this proposition has not been fully proved in practice. In recent years, the emerging dockless bike-sharing system makes it possible to examine the spatial integration between flexible bicycle traffic and rail transit. This study mapped the bicycle traffic on an equal population cartogram of Shanghai to distinguish overall patterns within the center of Shanghai. The research result indicates the sharing bike usage frequency from metro station to outlying area is gradual declining, which demonstrates that bicycle-metro integration has already become the basic model for daily transport in Shanghai.