Saman Sarkawt Jaafar

Nowadays, renewable energy is a much discussable topic because of its important specifications such as pollution and un end sources. This paper emphasizes the importance and capabilities of the dual axis solar tracking system (DASTS) of solar cell technologies. The study carried out a practical process of a dual-axis system design, which practically demonstrates the influence of dual-axis solar trackers, including their operational principles, advantages, and associated challenges. Furthermore, it has been shown that dual-axis solar trackers can significantly increase solar energy yield by capturing maximum sunlight, making them an important advancement in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of solar energy generation. The paper also presents a performance evaluation of a solar tracker system that improved energy output by 45 % compared to the fixed solar panel (FSP) while also reducing the numerical calculation (NC) efficiency of DASTS by 3.16 %. Based on these findings, solar tracker systems can provide sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solutions that are both feasible and substantial.

There is governmental, academic, and business interest in new emerging renewable energy sources, such as solar energy. In particular, how and how much it produces energy and the environmental impact of these sources. To highly benefit from renewable energies, new methods should be utilized. In this paper, the Microcontroller Arduino Uno board has been used and programmed by Arduino software to build a system as a photo-sensor (Active) Single Axis Solar Tracker System (SASTS). The system was created using a solar panel, two Light Dependent Resistance (LDR) have been used on the two sides (north/south) of the photovoltaic (PV), and a servo motor is connected to the Uno board. The tracking system is constructed to procure the data using the Microcontroller Uno board and specially designed mechanical base. Based on the extracted results, the influence of the SASTS on increasing the solar panel performance is more evident than the outcome Maximum Power Point (MPP) of MATLAB Simulink. Continuously, the SASTS searches for the sun and its position in the sky and puts the PV direct to the sun. Significantly, the tracker system raises the power ratio of the PV. As a result, it significantly increases the solar panel's performance and increases by 55.2% on average during the daytime.

This paper is regarding the design and program of a Microcontroller Arduino Uno board using Arduino software to work as a photo-sensor (Active) Single Axis Solar Tracker System (SASTS). A solar panel, two photo-resistors which are also known as Light-Dependent Resistors (LDRs) on two sides (north/south) of the photovoltaic (PV,) and a servo motor are connected to the Uno board, which is previously running a code that is prepared by Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) then it works as a tracking system. Here, the LDRs send the signal of the presence or absence of the light to the board and based on that signal the Uno reflects a new signal to the servo motor to rotate and find the light source. Lastly, the photo sensor single-axis tracker is made. While the system tries to move the panel face to the sun and change the irradiance intensity, in the meantime it starts a search to find the angle of the highest irradiance. Based on the results that are extracted from the data, the tracker system significantly boosts the output power ratio of the solar panel. Through using the Micro-controller Uno board, LDRs, servo motor, and specially designed mechanical base, the tracking system is constructed, determined from acquired data the influence of the STS on increasing the solar panel power ratio is tremendously obvious. Significantly, the tracker system rises the power ratio of the PV system. Significantly, the tracker system raises the power ratio of the PV. As a result, the tracker system remarkably boosts the output power ratio of the solar panel and increases by up to 32.18%.

This paper is regarding design and program an Micro-controller Arduino Uno board by using Arduino software to work as a photo-sensor(Active) single axial solar tracker system(SASTS). A solar panel, two photo-resistors (LDR) in two sides (north/south) of the photo-voltaic(PV) and a servo motor are connected to the Uno board, which is running a code that prepared by Arduino software IDE in advanced then it works as a tracking system. Here, the LDRs send the signal of presence or absence of the light to the board and based on that sent signal the Uno reflects a new signal to the servo motor to rotate and finds the light source. Lastly, the photo-sensor single axis tracker is made while Continuously, the system tries to face the panel to the sun and whilst changing the irradiance intensity it starts searching to find the angle of highest irradiance. Based on results that are extracted from the data, the tracker system significantly boosts the output efficiency of the solar panel. By using the Micro-controller Uno board, LDRs, servo motor and special designed mechanical base, the tracking system is constructed, based on acquired data the influence of the STS on the increasing the solar panel efficiency is more obvious. Significantly, the tracker system rises the efficiency of the PV .