Danis Pertiwi

Context: Hyperuricemia promotes oxidative stress and inflammation. Ethanolic salak (Salacca zalacca) peel extract (ESP) contains flavonoids with antioxidant potential. Aims: To evaluate the effects of ESP on serum uric acid (UA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) protein levels in hyperuricemic rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=30) were allocated to five groups (normal control; hyperuricemic control; allopurinol 9 mg/kg; ESP 210 or 420 mg/kg). Hyperuricemia was induced using a high-purine chicken-liver regimen. UA was measured pre- and post-treatment by a uricase-peroxidase colorimetric assay (520 nm). IL-6 and GPx protein levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (450 nm). Results: ESP 420 mg/kg reduced UA to 2.22 ± 0.06 mg/dL (Δ5.78 ± 0.10), lowered IL-6 to 32.96 ± 1.51 pg/mL, and increased GPx protein levels to 51.19 ± 0.72 pg/mL. Group differences were significant (ANOVA, p<0.001), with a dose-response trend for ESP. Conclusions: ESP modulated uric acid, IL-6, and GPx in hyperuricemic rats, supporting its potential as a natural adjuvant for the management of hyperuricemia.

Vitamin D merupakan vitamin larut lemak yang memiliki peran krusial dalam mengatur metabolisme kalsium dan fosfor, serta mendukung fungsi sistem imun dan pencegahan berbagai penyakit. Meski Indonesia kaya akan paparan sinar matahari, defisiensi vitamin D tetap menjadi masalah, terutama pada kelompok rentan seperti wanita lansia dan pekerja dalam ruangan. Kekurangan vitamin D dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan, seperti osteoporosis, preeklamsia pada kehamilan, dan melemahnya sistem imun. Penyuluhan mengenai vitamin D menjadi langkah penting untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang fungsi, manfaat, dan sumber vitamin D. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat dengan metode pretest, penyuluhan, pelatihan, sesi tanya jawab, posttest, serta pemeriksaan kadar vitamin D pada peserta dari Puskesmas Pandanaran, Puskesmas Halmahera, dan Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa penyuluhan ini secara signifikan meningkatkan pemahaman peserta, terbukti dari peningkatan nilai pretest dan posttest (p<0.001). Dengan demikian, edukasi tentang vitamin D terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kesadaran peserta di ketiga lokasi tersebut.Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, supporting immune system function, and preventing various diseases. Despite Indonesia’s abundant sunlight exposure, vitamin D deficiency remains a significant issue, particularly among vulnerable groups such as elderly women and indoor workers. A lack of vitamin D can lead to various health problems, including osteoporosis, preeclampsia during pregnancy, and weakened immune function. Public education on vitamin D is an essential step in raising awareness about its functions, benefits, and dietary sources. This program aimed to enhance public knowledge using methods such as pretests, health education sessions, training, interactive Q&A, posttests, and vitamin D level assessments among participants from Puskesmas Pandanaran, Puskesmas Halmahera, and Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital. The results indicated that the education sessions significantly improved participants’ understanding, as reflected in the increase in pretest and posttest scores (p<0.001). Thus, education about vitamin D has proven effective in raising awareness among participants at the three locations.

Noni leaf (Morinda citrifolia L.) extract (NLE) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties that may support wound healing. This study evaluated the effects of topical NLE cream on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in male Wistar rats with standardized full-thickness incision wounds. Thirty rats were randomly assigned into five groups: normal control, negative control (cream base), positive control (povidone-iodine), and two treatment groups receiving 20% or 40% NLE cream. All topical treatments were applied once daily for three consecutive days. Wound tissue was collected and analyzed on day four. IL-6 levels were lowest in the normal control group (9.34 ± 6.01 pg/mL) and were significantly reduced in the 20% NLE group compared with the negative control (19.80 ± 15.95 vs. 100.8 ± 26.99 pg/mL; p = 0.002). In contrast, VEGF levels were highest in the 40% NLE group (59.76 ± 9.39 pg/mL; p < 0.01), indicating enhanced angiogenic activity. These findings suggest that topical NLE cream, particularly at higher concentrations, may promote wound healing by modulating inflammatory responses and stimulating angiogenesis, supporting its potential use as a complementary topical therapeutic agent.

Hyperuricemia is a metabolic condition defined by excessive uric acid levels in the bloodstream. This condition may cause oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, overwhelming cellular antioxidant defense systems. Ethanol extract from snake fruit (Salacca zalacca peel (SZP)) contains bioactive compounds with potential antihyperuricemic properties, making it a promising alternative to conventional treatments like allopurinol. The mechanism of action is associated with the level of uric acid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the impact of SZP on the level of SOD, MDA, and uric acid in male Wistar rats induced by chicken liver (CL) juice. A total of 30 rats were assigned to five groups, namely group I (control); II (hyperuricemia without any intervention), III (hyperuricemia treated with 1.8 mg/200 g BW allopurinol), IV, and V (hyperuricemia that were administered SZP at doses of 210 mg/kg BW and 420 mg/kg BW, respectively). The results showed significant reductions in uric acid levels (5.78 ± 0.10 mg/dL) and MDA (3.34 ± 0.28 nmol/mL) with the higher doses of SZP treatment (420 mg/kg BW). However, SOD levels increased (73.77 ± 2.00%) compared to the hyperuricemia control. The average SOD and MDA levels exhibited notable variations across all groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggested that ethanol extract from SZP effectively modulates oxidative stress and uric acid metabolism by influencing the serum levels of SOD, MDA, and uric acid and could serve as an alternative treatment for hyperuricemia.

Ultraviolet (UV) light induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) to act as secondary intermediaries that can increase the expression of Activator Protein -1 (AP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). UV radiation is also able to decrease the expression of MMP inhibitors in collagen degradation, namely tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) and increase pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. While tomato extract is known for its antioxidant properties, its topical application in mitigating UVB-induced skin inflammation remains underexplored. This study evaluates the efficacy of 10% and 20% tomato extract gel in reducing MMP-1 and IL-6 levels in UVB-exposed mice. This study uses in vivo experiments with the Post Test Only Control Group Design method. The subject of this study was BALB/c mice divided into 4 treatments. The treatment consisted of negative control, positive control, administration of GEBT concentration of 10% and concentration of 20%. On the 7th day, MMP-1 and IL-6 levels were checked. The data was analyzed using the One Way Anova Test to determine the influence of each group, then continued with the Post Hoc LSD test to find out which dose had the most effect. The One Way Anova test showed that there was a significant difference in MMP-1 and IL-6 levels (p<0.05), the LSD Post Hoc Test had a significant difference in several comparison groups. There was an effect of tomato extract gel administration on MMP-1 and IL-6 levels in mice exposed to acute UVB light. Our findings suggest that tomato extract gel could serve as an alternative to chemical sunscreens and anti-inflammatory treatments for UV-induced skin damage.

Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit metabolik dan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang dapat menyebabkan komplikasi, baik mikroangiopati maupun makroangiopati di kemudian hari. Diagnosis Penyakit DM ditegakkan melalui pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah dan HbA1c. Pengendalian glukosa darah yang baik merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang terbukti menurunkan risiko komplikasi pada pasien DM. Tercapainya kendali glukosa yang baik memerlukan penatalaksanaan holistik meliputi edukasi, terapi gizi medik, aktivitas fisik, pemberian obat-obatan dan pemantauan glukosa darah. Pemahaman mengenai DM dan Pemeriksaan Glukosa Darah Mandiri (PGDM) yang benar sangat penting dan dapat disampaikan melalui pendidikan kesehatan. Pendidikan kesehatan seperti penyuluhan dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan dan kualitas hidup pasien. Masyarakat perlu diberi pengetahuan yang cukup mengenai DM dan PGDM, serta pelatihan PDGM yang benar. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai DM dan PDGM yang benar. Metode yang digunakan adalah pretest, penyuluhan, pelatihan dan sesi tanya jawab mengenai DM dan PDGM, posttest serta pemeriksaan kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu (GDS) kepada Masyarakat Dusun Rembes, Tuntang, Salatiga. Penyuluhan ini terbukti meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat, terlihat dari nilai pretest dan posttest peserta mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan (p<0.001). Penyuluhan tentang DM dan PDGM terbukti meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai DM dan PDGM yang benar di masyarakat Desa Rembes Kecamatan Tuntang Kabupaten Salatiga.Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease and a non-communicable disease that can cause complications, both microangiopathy and macroangiopathy in the future. DM is confirmed by checking blood glucose levels and HbA1c. Good blood glucose control is an important factor proven to reduce the risk of complications in DM patients. Achieving good glucose control requires holistic management including education, medical nutrition therapy, physical activity, medication administration and blood glucose monitoring. Correct understanding of Diabetes Mellitus and Independent Blood Sugar Examination (PGDM) is very important and can be conveyed through health education. Health education such as counseling can improve patient compliance and quality of life. The public needs to be given sufficient knowledge about DM and Independent Blood Sugar Examination, as well as training in correct independent blood sugar checks. The aim of this activity is to increase public knowledge regarding Diabetes Mellitus and correct independent blood sugar checks. The methods used were pretest, counseling, training and question and answer sessions regarding Diabetes Mellitus and Independent Blood Sugar Examination, posttest as well as checking Temporary Blood Sugar for the people of Rembes Hamlet, Tuntang, Salatiga. This counseling was proven to increase public knowledge, as seen from the participants' pretest and posttest scores which experienced a significant increase (p<0.0001). Counseling about Diabetes Mellitus and Independent Blood Sugar Checks has been proven to increase public knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus and correct Independent Blood Sugar Examination in Village Communities Assisted by FK Unissula.

Anemia is the most common hematological disorder associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). WHO recommends zidovudine (AZT) as one of the first-line drugs for this infection. It is important to note that the drug has the adverse effect of causing anemia. Therefore, this study correlates AZT consumption duration and the incidence of anemia in HIV-infected individuals. This cross-sectional study was conducted at health service facilities using 213 participants. The data were obtained from medical records, and the assessed parameter was hemoglobin (Hb) level after less or more than a year of zidovudine administration. Furthermore, they were analyzed using a Pearson’s coefficient contingency test (p<0.05) to evaluate the correlation between groups with and without anemia at each period of drug administration. The results showed a significant correlation (p<0.05) between sex and age with anemia incidence in HIV patients administered AZT. The duration of this drug intake in HIV-infected individuals was correlated with anemia (p= 0.024; OR=0.369). This indicates the use of AZT for at least one year may be a protective factor for the incidence of anemia in patients with HIV compared to the group consuming this drug for less than one year.

Hiperurisemia dan hiperkolesterol merupakan salah satu contoh penyakit tak menular yang dapat menyebabkan komplikasi di kemudian hari. Hiperurisemia adalah kondisi peningkatan asam urat ≥ 6 mg/dL pada perempuan, dan ≥ 7 mg/dL. Hiperkolesterol atau yang lebih dikenal masyarakat dengan sebutan penyakit kolesterol ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar kolesterol dalam darah, ≥ 200 mg/dL. Hiperurisemia dan hiperkolesterol dapat menyebabkan komplikasi berupa penyakit ginjal, hingga penyakit jantung koroner dan stroke. Pendidikan kesehatan seperti penyuluhan dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan dan kualitas hidup pasien. Pemahaman mengenai peran diet, gaya hidup sehat dalam mengatasi serta mencegah hiperurisemia dan hiperkoleserol penting untuk diketahui dan dapat disampaikan melalui pendidikan kesehatan. Pengabdian masyarakati ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai hiperurisemia, hiperkolesterol dan dampaknya bagi kesehatan. Pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan dengan kegiatan penyuluhan dab sesi tanya jawab interaktif mengenai hiperurisemia, hiperkolesterol, dan dampaknya pada kesehatan serta pemeriksaan kadar asam urat dan kolesterol kepada komunitas jantung yang ada di RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. Penyuluhan ini terbukti meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat, terlihat dari nilai pretest dan posttest peserta mengenai asam urat maupun kolesterol mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan (p=0.00). Berdasatkan hasil kegiatan dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyuluhan mengenai hiperurisemia dan hiperkolesterol dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai hiperurisemia dan hiperkolesterol.

BACKGROUND: Timely diagnosis and effective use of available resources are urgent to avoid the loss of time, medical, and technological resources, particularly in COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to identify the most dominant predicting factor for mortality in moderate-severe COVID-19 patients. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included a total of 253 patients diagnosed with moderate-severe COVID-19. The primary outcome measure was mortality during hospitalization. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine cut-off points. The data were categorized according to the cut-off points in ROC curve and analyzed using Chi-square and by binary logistic regression test to identify the independent predictors associated with mortality. RESULTS: The mean number of leukocytes (/μL), neutrophils (%), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L), and D-dimer (mg/L) in the nonsurvived group was significantly higher than those of the survived group. Meanwhile, the mean number of platelet count/μL, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), in the non-survived group was significantly lower than those of the survived group. CRP level predicted mortality with a cut-off point of ≥8.41 mg/L, sensitivity of 98.1%, and specificity of 72.0% (P = .000). CONCLUSIONS: High leukocyte count, low platelet count, high NLR, high CRP level, and high D-dimer on admission predicted mortality of COVID-19 patients. In addition, CRP was found to be the most dominant predicting factor of mortality in moderate-severe COVID-19 patients.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic became a global health problem due to the high number of cases and no specific treatment. Furthermore, the diagnosis was difficult due to limited publication data and diagnostic tests. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the demographics, clinical features, laboratory results, radiological results, and factors related to the severity of COVID-19 at a referral hospital. METHODS: A descriptive analytic study of confirmed COVID-19 patients was conducted during March–October 2020. Data were collected from the medical records to determine the patient demographics, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory, chest X-ray, and first illness severity at 24 h of treatment. RESULTS: There were 79 (59%) male and 55 (41%) female patients during the study. The clinical symptoms were fever 103 (77%), cough 100 (75%), shortness of breath 88 (66%), comorbidities of diabetes mellitus 18 (13%), hypertension 24 (18%), and heart disease 20 (15%). The patient’s laboratory profiles were lymphopenia 85 (63%) and increased C-reactive protein 82 (61%). The radiology imaging of the patients was mostly atypical of COVID-19. Factors that influence the severity of COVID-19 are age, comorbid diabetes, and hypertension CONCLUSION: Most cases with severe symptoms are old age, a history of comorbid diabetes mellitus and heart disease, and abnormal laboratory results.