Rabia Karaaslan

Smile aesthetics is one of the primary reasons for patients to seek aesthetic dental treatment. Although various parameters have been proposed to evaluate smile aesthetics, objective and standardised criteria are still under discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the perception of aesthetic changes differs between dental professionals and laypersons. Frontal photographs of 18 patients were selected from 81 patient photographs. Two full smile images of 18 cases were shown to 86 professionals and 86 layperson participants. Participants were asked to mark the most aesthetic smile and the most important criteria in making their decisions on the prepared forms. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for two-group comparisons and the Kruskal-Wallis H test for comparisons with three or more groups. The rate of choosing the aesthetic smile according to the SI was significantly higher in professionals (p < 0.05). In the non-professional group, teeth rate was significantly more often considered the main criterion for aesthetic smile discrimination (p < 0.05). The professional group placed greater emphasis on gingival appearance when evaluating smile aesthetics (p < 0.05). Aesthetic perception differed between professionals and laypersons. The Smile Index should be interpreted alongside other esthetic parameters and patient expectations.

Periodontitis ve osteoporoz, yaşlanan nüfus için önemli halk sağlığı sorunları oluşturan yaygın inflamasyonla ilişkili durumlardır. Periodontal hastalıklar, ağırlıklı olarak dento-gingival dokulardaki disbiyozis ve inflamatuvar nitelikli bir dizi bozukluktan oluşur. Osteoporoz, artan kırık riski ile birlikte kemik mineral yoğunluğu (KMY)’ nun ve yapısının bozulması ile karakterize, yaşa bağlı bir kemik hastalığıdır. Bu derlemede, osteoporoz ve periodontitis arasındaki ilişki hakkında bir güncelleme sağlamak için son 25 yıldaki literatür değerlendirilip, bunların mekanistik bağlantılarının, ortak risk faktörlerinin ve terapötik etkilerinin tartışılması amaçlanmaktadır. Sistemik ve alveolar kemik kaybı (AKK) arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen klinik çalışmalarda, 1996-2020 yılları arasındaki 10 araştırma, KMY ile AKK arasında ters bir korelasyon olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Alveolar kemik kaybının radyografik olarak değerlendirilmesi önemli bir kriter olsa da, klinik ataçman kaybı (KAK); hastanın yaşamı boyunca periodontitis prognozunu yansıtan, teşhisi ve evrelendirilmesi için kritik bir ölçümdür. 1995-2020 yılları arasındaki 23 çalışmadan 17'si KAS ile osteoporoz arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Her iki hastalıkta yaşa bağlı oksidatif stres ve yaşlanma, proinflamatuvar doku mikroçevresini yönlendiren ve kemik yeniden şekillenme sürecinin bozulmasına neden olan altta yatan mekanizmalardır. D vitamini eksikliği ve sigara kullanımı gibi ortak risk faktörleri bu mekanistik ilişkide önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu faktörlerin ve aralarındaki etkileşimin anlaşılması, disiplinler arası yönetimi ve her iki hastalığa yönelik potansiyel terapötikleri incelemek için iyi kontrollü uzun dönem çalışmalar yapılmasını gerektirmektedir.

Objective The purpose in the study was to evaluate the effect of biogenic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized by the green synthesis method on dentin bond strength in three different universal adhesives and investigate their antibiofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Materials and methods Three different universal adhesives (single bond universal, all-bond universal, and clearfil universal) were used in this study. Ag NPs were synthesized using rose hip (Rosa canina) extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent and they were characterized with STEM, UV–vis spectrophotometer, DLS, and zeta potential. Ag NPs were added to the adhesive resins at a rate of 0.05% (w/w), and their homogeneous distribution in the adhesive was determined using EDX spectrometry. Samples in all groups were tested at baseline-after 5000 and 10,000 thermal cycles. Adhesive composite discs were used for the live/dead analysis of S. mutans, MTT metabolic activity test, lactic acid production, and determination of colony-forming unit (CFU) values (n = 3). Ninety extracted caries-free human third molars were used to determine microtensile bond strength (μTBS) (n = 10). After the universal adhesive was applied to the dentin surface, composite resin (Z550 XT, 3 M ESPE, USA) was placed and sections were taken to form a composite-dentin stick of 1 mm × 1 mm wideness and 8-mm length. The sticks were broken at a rate of 1 mm/min under uniaxial tension in a universal testing machine, and the failure modes were determined by SEM. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for antibacterial tests and two-way analysis of variance for μTBS tests were performed (p < 0.05). Results All universal adhesive groups containing Ag NPs showed higher antibacterial activity than control groups without Ag NPs (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the live/dead assay analysis, MTT metabolic activity test, lactic acid production, and CFU values in the thermal cycled Ag NPs groups (p < 0.05). Antibacterial activity decreased in groups containing Ag NPs subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles. The highest lactic acid production 11.06 (± 0.629) and CFUs 7.61 (± 0.304), live bacteria 31.13 (± 0.466), and S. mutans MTT metabolic activity 0.29 (± 0.376) at AU (All-Bond Universal—Ag NPs) 10,000 thermal cycles group. There was no difference in μTBS values between the initial and 5000 thermal cycle groups, there was a difference between the 10,000 thermal cycle groups. The CU (Clearfil Universal—Ag NPs) group subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles showed lower μTBS 11.1 (± 3.2). Conclusion In conclusion, universal adhesives containing biogenic Ag NPs showed higher antibacterial activity than the control groups and did not reduce the μTBS. Clinical relevance Antibacterial universal adhesives can contribute to restoration success in clinical applications by reducing residual bacteria and preventing secondary caries formation.