Ersel Yilmaz

This paper presents the results of the research devoted to the determination of the conditions of solar drying of agrobiomass waste in open area in Mediterranean climate in Aydin region. The testing was undertaken in the summer season. Drying tests were performed for two type mixtures i.e., sewage sludge and olive mill waste (OMW30) and sewage sludge and animal waste (DMC30). In order to determine the optimum conditions for the process and undertake an analysis of kinetic drying of sewage sludge, a set of tests were performed under variable parameters, i.e. for various thickness of the dried mixture of materials: 5, 10 and 20 cm and with the application of various mixing intensity: no mixing, and 6 times a day. The conducted tests let to the determination of the time interval necessary for the drying in the conditions of summer and also the parameters, which are optimal in terms of the time needed for the solar drying process in open sun drying.

Proso millet stalks are an under-utilized material that remains after the harvest. Given the share of large proso millet stalks in total production in Turkey, more than 8% of stalks could be easily available as a raw material in the fabrication of fuels. Unlike corn, proso millet stalks are not used as green fodder or silage due to the higher cellulose content and smaller green leaves for animal feeding. In this study, the usability of proso millet plant as a biofuel material due to this feature was tested in terms of the chemical parameters such as cellulose, lignin and some other nutritional elements. The impact on the plants grown and harvested materials parameters by applying control (non-irrigated) and four irrigation levels (50%, 75%, 100% and 125%) was investigated. Results of the study show that the highest values were obtained for 125% irrigation level.

In this study, the combustion of olive byproducts was investigated using the TG-FTIR technique. Different types of olive biomass were considered: twigs, leaves, olive-mill waste from the two-phase decanting method, and wastewater from the three-phase system. The reaction regions, ignition, and burnout temperatures at different heating rates were determined using TG/DTG analysis and the thermogravimetry results. Comprehensive combustion, ignition, burnout, and flammability indexes were also calculated. The highest combustion index values were obtained for waste from the three-phase system, followed by the two-phase decanting method, then with leaves and small twigs. The order of the index values indicated that the sample from the three-phase process ignited more quickly and yielded faster. The changes in activation energy calculated using different model-free isoconversional methods—Friedman, Ozawa–Flynn–Wall, and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose—fell within the range of 130–140 kJ/kmol. FTIR analyses presented differences in the exhaust gas composition for specific combustion temperature ranges.

In this paper, the dairy cattle waste management systems on farms in Aydın region in Turkey were investigated. Number of farms and livestock herd size, type of barn, type of machinery and farm labour force were studied. The collection, management and storage systems of manure produced in dairy cattle farms were taken into consideration. Additionally, biogas amount, which is produced from animal waste, was calculated for all districts of Aydın by using the number of livestock animals and various criteria such as the rate of dry matter. Results show that the typical and representative farm in the Aydın region is facility with a total head over 100 heads. 89.6% of the farms have heads in the range of 100 to 200. The amount of biogas that can be produced from all manure collected in Aydın region in the biogas plants is approximately 160,438 m³/day (based on 0.5 m³/day biogas per cattle), which would produce around 100 GWh/year that can be used for own needs of farms owners.

Geothermal energy is classified as a clean and sustainable energy source, like all industrial activities, geothermal energy power plants (GEPP) technology has also some positive and negative effects on the environment. In this paper are presented by attent not only on environmental impacts of GEPP onto Büyük Menderes River and fresh water sources, which ere used for irrigation of agricultural fields from tousands of years in basin, but also on water quality contents like heavy metals and gases emition due to drilling and electricity producing technology of GEPP's. Aydın province is located in the southwestern part of the region and its city center has around 300000 population. The high geothermal potential of this region became from geographical location, which is held on active tectonic Alpine-Himalaya Orogen belt with active volcanoes and young faults. Since 1980's to 2016 there is about 70.97% (662.75 MW) of installed capacity by according to the Mineral Research and Exploration General Directorate, there are totally 290 well licensed (540 explore licenses and 76 business licenses), and 31 geothermal powerplants purposely installed. Topic is important because of number of GEPP increased rapidly after 2012 to now a days to 36 in whole basin.

Bu çalışma, Aydın İli, Yenipazar İlçesi Hamzabali Köyünde uygulanan arazi toplulaştırmasının etkinliğini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Köyde bulunan 50 işletmeci ile yapılan anket verileri ve ilgili kurumlardan alınan veriler çalışmanın materyalini oluşturmaktadır. Toplulaştırmanın etkinliğini belirlemek amacıyla 2 ana gösterge seçilmiştir. Bunlar; su kullanım etkinliğinin ve fiziksel etkinliğin belirlenmesidir. Bu göstergeler altında toplulaştırmanın sulama etkinliğine, ulaşım etkinliğine, parsel şekline, büyüklüğüne ve sayısına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada toplulaştırma oranı ve sulama oranı göstergeleri kullanılmıştır. Toplulaştırma ile toplam parsel sayısında %63 azalma olmuştur. Toplulaştırma oranı %46 ve sulama oranı %94.68 olarak belirlenmiştir. Toplulaştırma ile dikdörtgen parsel sayısı %27.03’den %77.11’e yükselmiştir. Bütün parseller yola ve sulama sistemine kavuşmuştur.