The Application of 3D Digital Technologies in Historic Gardens and Related Cultural Heritage: A Scoping Review

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Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive scoping review of the application of 3D digital technologies in the documentation, conservation, and management of historic gardens and related cultural heritage. By analyzing a curated selection of literature, the study assesses the current state of research, highlighting trends in publication, geographic distribution of contributors, and the key technologies employed. Using bibliometric methods and visualization tools, followed by case study review, the review identifies significant research hotspots, technical methodologies, particularly focusing on advanced techniques such as mobile laser scanning, UAV photogrammetry, point cloud processing, and their relationships with end users. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating multiple technologies to capture the diverse elements of historic gardens, including architectural features, vegetation, and topography. The review also underscores the significance of dynamic landscapes facing challenges posed by environmental degradation and urban development pressures. Moreover, it discusses the limitations of existing research and outlines future opportunities, such as the development of 4D documentation systems and the incorporation of AI for improving heritage management. The paper concludes by recommending interdisciplinary collaboration and public engagement to enhance the accessibility, understanding, and sustainable management of historic gardens through innovative technological applications.
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