Gradient-flowed order parameter for spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking

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Abstract
The gauge-invariant two-point function of the Higgs field at the same spacetime point can make a natural gauge-invariant order parameter for spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking. However, this composite operator is ultraviolet divergent and is not well defined. We propose using a gradient flow to cure the divergence from putting the fields at the same spacetime point. As a first step, we compute it for the Abelian Higgs model with a positive mass squared at the one-loop order in the continuum theory using the saddle-point method to estimate the finite part. The order parameter consistently goes to zero in the infrared limit of the infinite flow time.
Funding Information
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (KAKENHI Grant 18K13546, KAKENHI Grant 19H01899, KAKENHI Grant 21H01107)

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