Caloric restriction prevents inflammation and insulin dysfunction in middle-aged ovariectomized mice

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Abstract
Background Loss of ovarian function is associated with increased visceral fat. In this study, we aimed to study the effects of caloric restriction (CR) on metabolism in ovariectomized mice. Methods and Results Female, 8–12-month-old mice were divided into three groups: OVX (ovariectomized mice), OVXR (40% CR) and Sham. CR increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. AMPK phosphorylation was observed in the liver of OVXR mice. CR also increased hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The reductions in the level of TBARS in the serum and liver and of H2O2 in the liver of OVXR mice suggested alterations in the redox state of the liver. Although expression of catalase protein was reduced by CR, expression of superoxide dismutase was not altered by CR. Although interleukin IL-6 and IL-10 levels in OVXR mice were similar to those in Sham mice, macrophage infiltration was reduced in OVXR mice. OVXR mice had increased sirtuin1 levels and decreased sirtuin3 levels in the liver. Conclusions In conclusion, CR improved the condition of ovariectomized mice by reducing adiposity and increasing insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance through a mechanism that may involve AMPK.

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