Influence of Alloy and Alloy Composition on Dendrite Formation and Electrochemical Performance in Aluminum Metal Batteries

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Abstract
Interfacial instability and sluggish kinetics of high-purity aluminum (Al) anodes remain major bottlenecks for rechargeable nonaqueous aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) to achieve high electrochemical performance. This study systematically evaluates the effects of alloying compositions on dendrite formation in commercial AA1235, AA3003, and AA8006 Al alloys as scalable, high-performance and low-cost anodes in chloroaluminate-based electrolyte AIBs. Comprehensive results demonstrate that the commercial Al alloys achieve superior cycling stability over pure Al metal benefited by leveraging a balanced intermetallic distribution that promotes uniform Al plating and suppresses vertical dendrite propagation. In contrast, high-purity Al exhibits limited long-life cycles due to its inhomogeneous native oxides. Our findings reveal that tailored commercial alloys can outperform their high-purity materials, offering a strategic pathway for durable and cost-effective energy storage based on multivalent metal-ion chemistries.
Funding Information
  • Khon Kaen University
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (2022R1A2C2010686)
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00405324)
  • National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT5-RGJ63003-050)
  • Korea Basic Science Institute (2019R1A6C1010042)
  • Korea Basic Science Institute (2021R1A6C102A526)

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