Aflatoxin M1 Determination in Infant Formulae Distributed in Monterrey, Mexico
Open Access
Abstract
The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in infant formulae commercialized in the metropolitan area of Monterrey (Nuevo León, Mexico) was determined by using immunoaffinity column clean-up followed by HPLC determination with fluorimetric detection. For this, 55 infant formula powders were classified in two groups, starter (49 samples) and follow-on (6 samples) formulae. Eleven of the evaluated samples (20%) presented values above the permissible limit set by the European Union for infant formulae (25 ng/L), ranging from 40 to 450 ng/L. The estimated daily intake (EDI) for AFM1 was determined employing the average body weight (bw) of the groups of age in the ranges of 0–6 and 6–12 months, and 1–2 years. The results evidenced high intake values, ranging from 1.56 to 14 ng/kg bw/day, depending on the group. Finally, with the EDI value, the carcinogenic risk index was determined, presenting a high risk for all the evaluated groups. Based on these results, it is a necessary extra effort by the regulatory agencies to reduce the AFM1 presence in infant formulae consumed in Mexico.Keywords
This publication has 20 references indexed in Scilit:
- Aflatoxins: Occurrence in animal feeds and milk from dairy farms in Aguascalientes, MexicoToxicology Letters, 2014
- Short communication: Investigation of aflatoxin M1 levels in infant follow-on milks and infant formulas sold in the markets of Ankara, TurkeyJournal of Dairy Science, 2014
- Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in UHT milk and infant formula samples consumed in Burdur, TurkeyEnvironmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2014
- A survey of Aflatoxin M1 in some commercial milk samples and infant formula milk samples in Goa, IndiaFood and Agricultural Immunology, 2013
- Aflatoxin M1in Spanish infant formulae: occurrence and dietary intake regarding type, protein-base and physical stateFood Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 2010
- Estimate of aflatoxin M1 exposure in milk and occurrence in BrazilFood Control, 2009
- On the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy productsFood and Chemical Toxicology, 2009
- Presence of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized milk from MoroccoInternational Journal of Food Microbiology, 2007
- A study on the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products produced in Van province of TurkeyFood Control, 2001
- Immunochemical assessment of aflatoxinM1in milk powder consumed by infants in São Paulo, Brazil∗Food Additives & Contaminants, 1997