Intersectional Disparities in Emergency Medicine Residents’ Performance Assessments by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex

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Abstract
Health equity is a priority for many national governing health care bodies including the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,1 the American Medical Association,2 and the American College of Physicians.3 Yet achieving a diverse health care workforce that is representative of the populations served remains a critical challenge. The benefits of a representative physician workforce include improved care access for individuals from minoritized ethnoracial groups or economically disadvantaged populations,4-6 research innovation relevant to marginalized groups,7-9 and improved clinical learning environments.10 These benefits are substantial in the emergency department where complex sociostructural factors determine which populations and health conditions are disproportionately represented. Emergency medicine (EM) physicians provide safety-net care to patients who may be otherwise excluded or neglected by the health care system, including patients who are uninsured,11 experiencing homelessness,12 or have comorbid psychiatric illnesses with alcohol and substance use disorders.13 An empathic and diverse emergency physicianship representative of the demographic composition of the populations they serve is necessary to optimize care.

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