Post-processing effects of Aloe vera on biofilm formation and physical properties of 3D-printed dental resins

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Abstract
The study aims to investigate the post-processing effects of Aloe vera gel (AV) on biofilm formation and the physical properties of 3D-printed dental resins. Samples manufactured using Biomed Clear Resin were assigned to an Aloe vera-treated group (Group AV) and a control group (Group C), with a total of 128 disk-shaped specimens (n = 64 per group). Group AV underwent post-polymerization in 100% Aloe vera gel, while Group C was directly polymerized. For color stability evaluation, specimens were immersed in staining solutions and incubated at 37 °C for 30 days. Surface morphology (SEM/EDX), water sorption (WSP), and water solubility (WSL) were evaluated. Biofilm formation was assessed using Streptococcus mutans. Intergroup differences were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Mann–Whitney U tests for post hoc comparisons (p < .05). Group AV was demonstrated to mitigate color alteration, particularly in coffee and red wine solutions, and SEM analysis revealed a microtextured surface structure. Aloe vera post-processing reduced water solubility, while no significant effects were observed on water sorption or biofilm formation. The results indicate that AV treatment improved the physicochemical stability of 3D-printed dental resins, although no significant antibacterial effect was observed. Aloe vera post-processing may represent a promising natural approach to enhance the longevity and aesthetic performance of 3D-printed dental appliances; however, further clinical validation is required.

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