Recent Advances in Congo Red Degradation by TiO2-Based Photocatalysts Under Visible Light

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Abstract
Congo Red is a complex aromatic azo dye whose metabolites can be toxic due to their carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and various associated toxic effects on flora, fauna, and humans. Different technologies have been employed to degrade this dye, including biodegradation, radiation-based degradation, and chemical degradation with catalysts and photocatalysis. Among these, the use of TiO2-based materials combined with photocatalysis has proven to be an effective technology for its degradation. However, the wide bandgap of TiO2 limits its efficiency under visible light, prompting the need for modifications such as doping with metals, metalloids, and organic compounds. These modifications enhance its photocatalytic performance under visible light, achieving degradation efficiencies of up to 100% under optimal conditions. This article explores recent advances (from 2020 to the present) in the degradation of Congo Red using TiO2-based photocatalysts under visible light, focusing on their characteristics, synthesis methods, and degradation efficiencies. Additionally, it compares the TiO2-based photocatalysis with visible light to other available technologies, emphasizing its potential as a sustainable and efficient approach while addressing the importance of monitoring degradation byproducts to prevent the generation of equally or more toxic compounds.
Funding Information
  • National Council of Humanities Science, and Technology (740156)

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