Larvae of the dung beetle Onthophagus gazella F. (Col., Scarabaeidae) exposed to lethal and sublethal ivermectin concentrations
Authors:
- 12 January 1992
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Journal of Applied Entomology
- Vol. 114 (1-5) , 502-509
Abstract
Heifers were treated with 0.2 mg kg‐1 bodyweight ivermectin by subcutaneous injection. Dung collected 2 and 7 days after treatment with ivermectin concentrations of at least 1.6 ppm (dry weight) was lethal to newly hatched larvae of the dung beetle Onthophagus gazella. Control dung and dung from heifers injected 17 days previously resulted in very low larval mortality. Most of the larvae were killed in the first instar and there is evidence that larvicidal activity was caused by ivermectin absorption through the integument. Ivermectin inhibited normal head capsule development: exposure to sublethal concentrations reduced larval mandibular and clypeal size. Less than a third of the initial ivermectin concentrations could be found in brood masses after 28 days. No significant ivermectin degradation occurred in cores or in the crusts of pats aged in the field under tropical conditions.Zusammenfassung: Wirkungen der antiparasitischen Substanz Ivermectin in letalen und subletalen Konzentrationen über den Dung behandelter Rinder auf die Larven des Dungkäfers Onthophagus gazella F. (Col., Scarabaeidae)Jungrinder wurden mit 0,2 mg Ivermectin pro kg Körpergewicht per subkutaner Injektion behandelt. Nach 2 bzw. 7 Tagen wurden im Dung mindestens 1,6 ppm (Trockengewicht) Ivermectin festgestellt, das auf die frisch geschlüpften Larven von O. gazella toxisch wirkte. Dagegen entstand im Dung unbehandelter oder bereits vor 17 Tagen behandelter Kühe nur geringe Larvenmortalität. Die meisten Käferlarven wurden von dem toxischen Dung im 1. Entwicklungsstadium abgetötet, wobei es Hinweise darauf gibt, daß die larvizide Aktivität auf dem Wege der Ivermectin‐Absorption durch die Haut zustande kommt. Das Ivermectin hemmte die normale Entwicklung der Larvenkopfkapseln: subletale Konzentrationen reduzierten die Größe der Mandibeln und des Clypeus. Nach 28 Tagen war nur mehr weniger als 1/3 der initialen Ivermectin‐Konzentration im Dung vorhanden. In der Außenschicht oder im Kern der Dungfladen fand keine Degradation von Ivermectin unter den tropischen Freilandbedingungen statt.Keywords
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