Application and Evaluation of a Multimodal Training on the Second Victim Phenomenon at the European Researchers’ Network Working on Second Victims Training School: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

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Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care workers (HCWs) are often impacted by distressing situations during patient care and can experience the second victim phenomenon (SVP). Addressing an adequate response, training, and increasing awareness of the SVP can increase HCWs’ well-being and ultimately improve the quality of care and patient safety. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe and evaluate a multimodal training organized by the European Researchers’ Network Working on Second Victims to increase knowledge and overall awareness of SVP and second victim programs. METHODS We implemented a multimodal training program, following an iterative approach based on a continuous quality improvement process, to enhance the methodology and materials of the training program over the duration of 2 years. We conducted web-based surveys and group interviews to evaluate the scope and design of the training, self-directed learning materials, and face-to-face activities. RESULTS Out of 42 accepted candidates, 38 (90%) participants attended the 2 editions of the Training School program. In the second edition, the level of participants’ satisfaction increased, particularly when adjusting the allocated time for the case studies’ discussion (P<.001). After the multimodal training, participants stated that they had a better awareness and understanding of the SVP, support interventions, and its impact on health care. The main strengths of this Training School were the interdisciplinary approach as well as the contact with multiple cultures, the diversity of learning materials, and the commitment of the trainers and organizing team. CONCLUSIONS This multimodal training is suitable for different stakeholders of the health care community, including HCWs, clinical managers, patient safety and quality-of-care teams, academicians, researchers, and postgraduate students, regardless of their prior experience with SVP. Furthermore, this study represents a pioneering effort in elucidating the materials and methodology essential for extending this training approach to similar contexts.
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