Nutritional outcome and pneumonia in critical care patients randomized to gastric versus jejunal tube feedings

Authors:
  • KSKathleen A. Steger
    Kathleen A. Steger
  • BSBernard F. Smith
    Bernard F. Smith
  • RDRichard C. Dennis
    Richard C. Dennis
  • GFGarry F. Fitzpatrick
    Garry F. Fitzpatrick
  • SPSidney D. Pollack
    Sidney D. Pollack
  • TKTina Z. Korsberg
    Tina Z. Korsberg
  • DBDesmond H. Birkett
    Desmond H. Birkett
  • EHErwin F. Hirsch
    Erwin F. Hirsch
  • DCDonald E. Craven
    Donald E. Craven
  • TTTHE CRITICAL CARE RESEARCH TEAM
    THE CRITICAL CARE RESEARCH TEAM
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Abstract
To compare nutritional status, gastric colonization, and rates of nosocomial pneumonia in ICU patients randomized to gastric tube feeding vs. patients fed by an endoscopically placed jejunal tube. Randomized, prospective study. Medical and surgical ICUs at Boston City Hospital; surgical ICU at University Hospital. Of the 38 study patients, 19 were randomized to gastric tube feeding and 19 were randomized to an endoscopically placed jejunal tube. The two groups were similar in age, sex, race, underlying disease, and type of surgery. The two patient groups were similar in number of days fed, duration of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, days of antibiotic therapy, and days with fever. Compared with the gastric group, the jejunal group had more patients with circulatory shock on admission (79% vs. 68.4%), higher admission Acute Physiology Score (24.0 vs. 21.7), and fewer patients with pneumonia at randomization (26.3% vs. 31.6%). The jejunal group received a significantly higher percentage of their daily goal caloric intake (p = .05), and had greater increases in serum prealbumin concentrations (p < .05) than the patients with gastric tube feeding. Although the jejunal tube group had more days of diarrhea (3.3 +/- 6.6 vs. 1.8 +/- 2.9), this difference was not statistically significant. Nosocomial pneumonia was diagnosed clinically in two (10.5%) patients in the gastric tube group and in no patients in the jejunal tube group. Patients fed by jejunal tube received a significantly higher proportion of their daily goal caloric intake, had a significantly greater increase in serum prealbumin concentrations, and had a lower rate of pneumonia than patients fed by continuous gastric tube feeding.