Upper and lower urinary tract infections can be detected early but not be discriminated by urinary NGAL in adults

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Abstract
We investigated whether the recently established biomarkers of acute kidney injury, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), may help to diagnose acute urinary tract infections (UTI) in adults and are able to distinguish between upper or lower localization.

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