Adsorption of Lead (Ii) from Aqueous Solution Using Adsorbents Obtained from Nanche Stone (Byrsonima Crassifolia)
Open Access
- 1 October 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Sociedad Quimica de Mexico, A.C. in Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society
- Vol. 64 (4) , 301-315
Abstract
The removal capacity of Pb(II) present in aqueous solution was evaluated, using as a sorbent the nanche stone (Byrsonima crassifolia) naturally (NS), modified with citric acid (MNS) and as activated carbon (AC). The point of zero charge (pHPZC) and the active sites (using the Boehm method and FTIR spectroscopy) were determined. The pHPZC of NS, MNS and AC were in an acid range. The concentration of active sites of NS, MNS and AC were 0.1037, 0.1123 y 0.1404 mol/g, respectively. The infrared spectra (FTIR) detected the formation of acid functional sites associated with the phenol group, carboxylic acids and lactones. The adsorption capacity of lead ions using NS, MNS and AC increases with the increment of the pH of the solution from 3 to 5; nevertheless, at pH 5, precipitation of lead ions is observed. Due to the above, the evaluation of the three materials was carried out at pH 4. Comparing the maximum capacity of adsorption of Pb(II) on NS with respect to MNS and AC at pH 4, it was increased in 2.2 and 10 times, respectively. The chemical modification applied to precursor, as well as its formation to AC, improved their adsorption capacity due to a greater generation of acid sites. The experimental data were represented with the models of Langmuir, Freundlich y Prausnitz-Radke and the parameter values of these isotherms were estimated using a least-squares method which utlilizes an optimization algorithm. Resumen. Se evaluó la capacidad de remoción de Pb(II) presente en solución acuosa, utilizando como adsorbente el hueso de nanche (Byrsonima crassifolia) de forma natural (HN), modificado con ácido cítrico (HNM) y como carbón activado CA. Se determinaron el punto de carga cero (pHPZC) y los sitios activos (utilizando el método Boehm y espectroscopía FTIR). El pHPZC del HN, HNM y CA estuvo en un rango ácido. La concentración de sitios ácidos del HN, HNM y CA fueron de 0.1037, 0.1123 y 0.1404 mol/g respectivamente. Los espectros infrarrojos (FTIR), detectaron la formación de sitios funcionales ácidos asociados al grupo fenol, ácidos carboxílicos y lactonas. La capacidad de adsorción del ion plomo con el HN, HNM y CA, aumentó al incrementarse el pH de la solución de 3 a 5; sin embargo, a pH 5, se observó precipitación de iones plomo. Debido a lo anterior, la evaluación de los tres materiales se realizó a pH 4. Comparando la máxima capacidad de adsorción de Pb(II) en el HN con respecto al HNM y al CA a pH 4, se incrementó en 2.2 y 10 veces, respectivamente. La modificación química aplicada al precursor, así como su formación a CA, amplió su poder de adsorción al desarrollarse una mayor cantidad de sitios activos ácidos. Los datos experimentales se representaron con los modelos de Langmuir, Freundlich y Prausnitz-Radke, y los valores de los parámetros de estas isotermas fueron estimados usando un método de mínimos cuadrados que utiliza un algoritmo de optimización.Keywords
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