Surgical treatment of children with congenital anterior dislocation of the tibia: a review

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Abstract
Congenital anterior dislocation of the tibia is a rare orthopedic disorder with an incidence of 1 per 100,000 newborns. Due to its low prevalence and a limited number of studies, no unified algorithm for surgical treatment of this condition has yet been developed when conservative treatment fails. A search of recent scientific data was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: врожденный передний вывих голени / congenital dislocation of the tibia, хирургическое лечение врожденного переднего вывиха голени / surgical treatment of congenital anterior dislocation of the tibia, and врожденный вывих коленного сустава / congenital dislocation of the knee joint. A total of 150 sources were analyzed, and 40 publications containing data on surgical treatment of congenital anterior dislocation of the tibia were selected. Various surgical techniques are currently employed, but their effectiveness remains debatable. The article presents an analysis of existing surgical methods for the treatment of congenital anterior dislocation of the tibia, examines their advantages and limitations, and identifies key challenges requiring further investigation. Surgical correction of this condition is most often employed in resistant and syndromic forms, which are frequently associated with knee stiffness, tibial flexion contracture, and weakness of the extensor mechanism. Therefore, when planning the use of surgical treatment techniques, it is crucial to consider the individual characteristics of the patient, such as the severity of the dislocation and the presence of concomitant somatic and orthopedic condition.

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