TMEPAI family: involvement in regulation of multiple signalling pathways

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Abstract
The TMEPAI family, composed of TMEPAI and C18ORF1, is known to inhibit TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling via its competition for binding of R-Smad (receptor-regulated Smad) with SARA (Smad anchor for receptor activation). However, TMEPAI has also been reported to be involved in AR (androgen receptor) signaling, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) signaling, and formation of autophagosomes in addition to degradation of TβRI (TGF-β type I receptor) through lysosomes. Thus, TMEPAI seems to act as a regulator of multiple signaling pathways. A great deal of attention has already been paid to the relationship between the TMEPAI family and tumorigenicity. In this paper, therefore, we describe recent progresses in the understanding of how the TMEPAI family physiologically contributes to cellular functions and diseases.

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