Injury prevention and performance in basketball officiating: perceptions, practices, and challenges in physical preparation

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Abstract
Basketball referees face challenges in physical preparation, particularly in injury prevention and performance optimization. This study mapped the perceptions, practices, and difficulties faced by these professionals, considering age differences, experience, and adopted strategies. The results indicate that younger referees engage in higher-intensity training, while more experienced ones prioritize maintaining conditioning. Game overload, insufficient recovery, and the lack of specialized support increase vulnerability to musculoskeletal injuries, compromising career longevity in refereeing. Adherence to preventive programs varies, with a lack of standardization in the strategies used. Therefore, implementing a systematic support system, including continuing education, physiotherapy monitoring, and periodization strategies, is essential to mitigate risks and ensure greater sustainability in refereeing careers.

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