SARS-CoV-2 mediated monocytes dysregulation may contribute to increase risk of cardiovascular risk in severe COVID-19 patients

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Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS□CoV□ 2) is a highly pathogenic corona virus which causes COVID-19 and resulted in millions of deaths and led to a global public health emergency. An effective and appropriate immune response is essential to control and eliminate viral infections, however, dysregulated immune responses may lead to immunopathology in viral infections. Clinical data showed that COVID-19 may promote the development of cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). However, exact mechanism associated with CVDs in COVID-19 patients is currently unknown. Monocytes are one of the major immune cell subsets that contribute to host defense against many infections but also associated with immunopathology and development of CVDs. Thus, in this study we investigated the role of monocyte subsets in COVID-19 associated CVDs. By using high dimensional flowcytometry, immune biomarker assays and multi variant data analysis in healthy donors (n=17), severe-COVID-19 patients (n=20) (ICU) and COVID-19 recovered individuals (n=30), we found elevated intermediate monocytes and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, one of the most important chemokines that regulates migration and infiltration of monocytes to the subendothelial space, where they may become foam cells. Spearman correlation network analysis showed that strong correlation between increase intermediate monocytes in the whole blood and plasma cardimetabolic biomarkers such as fatty acid binding protein 4, C-reactive protein, soluble CD14 and LPS binding protein in ICU patients. Our data show for the first time that the possible role of monocytes in the development of CVDs in ICU patients.