Magnetic nanocomposites: innovative adsorbents for antibiotics removal from aqueous environments–a narrative review

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Abstract
Pharmaceutical pollutants represent a significant class of industrial contaminants known for their persistence and adverse effects on the environment, posing a substantial concern for global ecosystems. Addressing the removal of these pollutants has become imperative in contemporary environmental management strategies. Among the various remediation techniques, the adsorption process stands out as an effective method for treating diverse wastewater streams. In this context, the utilization of adsorbents plays a pivotal role in facilitating the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from aquatic environments. This review aims to explore the efficacy of magnetic nanocomposites in removing pharmaceutical pollutants from water matrices through the adsorption process. The findings underscore the successful application of magnetic nanocomposites endowed with enhanced properties in eliminating pharmaceutical contaminants from aqueous settings. Notably, advancements in the physical and chemical characteristics of these nanocomposites have been shown to significantly augment their removal efficiency during the adsorption process. Key attributes contributing to the effectiveness of magnetic nanocomposites include their tailored functional groups, large specific surface area, robust magnetic strength, and thermal stability. These features endow magnetic nanocomposites with several advantages, including high adsorption efficiency, reduced adsorbent dosage requirements, ease of accessibility and reusability, shortened process durations, and rapid adsorption kinetics. The utilization of magnetic nanocomposites in the adsorption process emerges as a promising approach for water purification due to its notable advantages. This technique demonstrates exceptional efficiency in removing pharmaceutical contaminants, offering swift and effective purification within short timeframes. Importantly, the implementation of magnetic nanocomposites in water treatment processes carries minimal environmental impact, aligning with sustainability goals. In conclusion, the utilization of magnetic nanocomposites holds significant promise as a viable strategy for addressing pharmaceutical pollutant contamination in water environments. Continued research efforts aimed at refining the synthesis and application of these nanomaterials are essential for advancing their efficacy and ensuring sustainable water management practices in the face of growing environmental challenges.

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