Carbon Quantum Dot Electrocatalysts in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

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Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent a category of carbon nanomaterials that have recently garnered attention as emerging contenders in the realm of traditional semiconductor quantum dots. CQDs offer several compelling advantages, including low toxicity, environmental friendliness, cost‐effectiveness, photostability, favorable charge transfer characteristics that enhance electronic conductivity, and easily reproducible synthesis procedures. This review aims to delve into the latest advancements in CQD research and development, with a primary focus on their synthesis, functionalization, and applications in the field of energy. An overview of various synthesis methods, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages, has been depicted clearly. The subsequent section of this review is dedicated to exploring the wide‐ranging energy applications of CQDs, including their use in supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, photovoltaic devices, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the oxygen evolution reaction. Further, primary emphasis has been given to their potential and effectiveness in contributing to advancements in HER as electrocatalysts. This article has been concluded with examination of the challenges that lie ahead and provide insight into future prospects in this dynamic and promising area of research.

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