Predicting Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Lactate, Need for Vasopressors, and Cytochrome c

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Abstract
Outcome prediction after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is difficult. We hypothesized that lactate and need for vasopressors would predict outcome, and that addition of a mitochondrial biomarker would enhance performance of the tool. Prospective observational study of OHCA patients presenting to an academic medical center September 2008 to April 2016. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Patients were divided based on 2 variables: vasopressor status and initial lactate (P < .001). A stepwise increase in mortality is associated with increasing lactate (45% lactate P < 001). Multivariable models with lactate group and vasopressors as predictors demonstrated excellent discrimination (area under the receiver operating curve [AUC]: 0.73 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.66-0.79]; adjusted for additional covariates: AUC: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.75-0.86]). Thirty-six patients had cytochrome c levels available; among these 36, when comparing models with and without cytochrome c, there was no difference (AUC: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.76-1.00] vs AUC: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.73-0.98], respectively; P = .30). In this prospective validation, the combination of lactate and vasopressors in the immediate postarrest period is predictive of mortality. Cytochrome c offered minimal additional predictive power.
Funding Information
  • Center for Scientific Review (10CRP2640216)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1K24HL127101-01)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1R01HL136705-1)
  • American Heart Association (15SDG22420010)

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