A Beam Scanning Method based on the Helical Antenna for Space-based AIS

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Abstract
We investigate a strategy to address the problem of low ship detection probability of space-based Automatic Identification System (AIS). A directional AIS antenna and an innovative beam scanning method are proposed, which scan the antenna across a wide swath to provide complete coverage and maintain the advantage of a narrow footprint to reduce signal collision. Aiming at the mission requirement of global ship detection by the year 2016, the appropriate swath, the scanning range and the scanning rate were studied and designed in detail. Theoretical analysis and simulations showed that this scanning antenna can greatly improve ship detection probability and hold the detection probability at an average reporting interval from six to 15 seconds for most oceans when compared with the traditional fixed wide beam antenna. Furthermore, the detection capacity of this scanning antenna was little affected by the heights of different Low Earth Orbits. The results of this work show that the design of the helical antenna along with the beam scanning method can be considered as a building block of future space-based AIS.

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