The repertoire of G-protein-coupled receptors in Xenopus tropicalis

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Abstract
Background: The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily represents the largest protein family in the human genome. These proteins have a variety of physiological functions that give them well recognized roles in clinical medicine. InXenopus tropicalis, a widely used animal model for physiology research, the repertoire of GPCRs may help link the GPCR evolutionary history in vertebrates from teleost fish to mammals.Results: We have identified 1452 GPCRs in theX. tropicalisgenome. Phylogenetic analyses classified these receptors into the following seven families:Glutamate,Rhodopsin,Adhesion,Frizzled,Secretin,Taste 2andVomeronasal 1. Nearly 70% ofX. tropicalisGPCRs are represented by the following three types of receptors thought to receive chemosensory information from the outside world: olfactory, vomeronasal 1 and vomeronasal 2 receptors.Conclusion: X. tropicalisshares a more similar repertoire of GPCRs with mammals than it does with fish. An examination of the three major groups of receptors related to olfactory/pheromone detection shows that inX. tropicalis, these groups have undergone lineage specific expansion. A comparison of GPCRs inX. tropicalis, teleost fish and mammals reveals the GPCR evolutionary history in vertebrates.

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