Wave‐Induced Forces on Buried Pipelines

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Abstract
Wave‐induced pressures are an important design consideration for oil and natural gas pipelines buried in the marine environment. Realistic problems are three‐dimensional in nature and involve waves approaching the buried pipeline at oblique angles and special pipeline geometries. For fluid flow in a sandy soil where liquefaction does not occur and fluid acceleration terms are negligible, Darcy's law can be used. Assuming that the soil structure and fluid are incompressible, results will show the wave‐induced pressure in the domain being governed by the Laplace equation with associated boundary conditions on the domain boundaries. The pressure distribution on the pipeline is obtained using the boundary integral equation method (BIEM). The BIEM is economical because the computations are performed only on the two‐dimensional surface boundaries of the solution domain rather than throughout the entire three‐dimensional domain. The first problem analyzed is the two‐dimensional case where the pipeline is paralle...

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