Anatomy, histology, development and functions of Ossa cordis: A review

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Abstract
This systematic review highlights the similarities and variations in Ossa cordis prevalence, histology and anatomical location between differing veterinary species and in humans. In addition, it also identifies associated factors such as aging and cardiovascular disease for each species in relation to functional roles and developmental mechanisms that these bone structures may play. The potential functions of Ossa cordis are presented, ranging from aiding cardiac contraction and conduction, providing cardiac structure, and protecting components of the heart, through to counteracting high mechanical stress. Furthermore, this review discusses the evidence and rationale behind the theories regarding the formation and development of Ossa cordis in different veterinary species and in people.
Funding Information
  • Wolfson Foundation
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
  • H2020 European Research Council
  • Wellcome Trust
  • University of Nottingham
  • Univerza v Ljubljani

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