Consequence modeling of a compressed hydrogen tube trailer explosion – theoretical study

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Abstract
In the present context, with the increasing focus on decarbonization and the transition toward sustainable energy systems, due to the imminent climate crisis, hydrogen has emerged as one of the key players in the quest for clean and renewable energy solutions. If this alternative fuel will be widely distributed, it can be used as an energy source for industry, households, and transportation, thereby promoting a carbon-free society. However, hydrogen's safe handling and transportation present significant challenges due to its unique properties and potential hazards. Given the high level of interest in the future of hydrogen applications, assumed by European Commission in the European Hydrogen Strategy and transposed in national strategies and action plans for the member states, special safety measures must be taken to avoid accidents. The study aims to provide an overview of the physical and chemical properties of compressed hydrogen and the specific characteristics of tube trailers used for its transportation and to examine the potential scenarios that may lead to a tube trailer explosion, such as ignition sources, leakages, or accidents during transit. Consequence modeling techniques are employed to evaluate the potential hazards and impacts of accidental hydrogen release from a tube trailer. This includes dispersion modeling to assess the extent of the hydrogen cloud and its potential for ignition, which can lead to jet fire or rising fireballs. Process Hazard Analysis Software Tool (PHAST) was utilized to evaluate the hazardous extent of the occurrence area and to estimate the effects of the theoretical explosion scenarios presented.

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