The rodentsPseudotomusandQuadratomusand the content of the tribe manitshini (Paramyinae, Ischyromyidae)

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Abstract
All genera previously referred to the Manitshini are reviewed. Ischyrotomus Matthew is synonymized with Pseudotomus Cope, and the tribe Manitshini is restricted to this latter genus and the Chadronian Manitsha. Pseudotomus is represented by three Bridgerian species, four Uintan species, and one Duchesnean and Chadronian species. Quadratomus Korth is removed from the Manitshini and included in the Paramyini based on morphologic characters of the mandible and dentitions. The massive postcranial bones of Quadratomus are interpreted as convergent on those of the manitshines. In addition to the type species, two other species of Quadratomus are recognized, Q. sundelli (Eaton) from the later Bridgerian, and a new species, Q. grossus from the early Bridgerian. A massive postcranial skeleton evolved three times in Eocene ischyromyids, in the Manitshini (Pseudotomus), in the Paramyini (Quadratomus), and in the Pseudoparamyinae (Plesiarctomys).

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