Multifunctional Surface with Enhanced Angiogenesis for Improving Long-Term Osteogenic Fixation of Poly(ether ether ketone) Implants

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Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a biocompatible polymer, but the lack of angiogenesis makes the long-term osteogenic fixation of PEEK implants challenging, which has hampered their wider application in orthopedics. Herein, we develop a multifunctional micron/nano-structured surface presenting hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoflowers and nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) nanoparticles on PEEK implants (sPEEK-Ni-HA) to tackle the problem. The results show that the reasonable release of Ni2+ from sPEEK-Ni-HA significantly facilitates the migration, tube formation and angiogenic genes expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition to angiogenesis, the sPEEK-Ni-HA displays enhanced cytocompatibility and osteogenicity in terms of cell proliferation, spreading, alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization, and osteogenesis-related genes secretion, exceeding pure and other multifunctional sPEEK samples. Importantly, in vivo evaluations employing a rabbit femoral condyle implantation model confirm that such dual decoration of Ni element and HA nanoflowers boosts bone remodeling/osseointegration, which dramatically promote the in vivo osteogenic fixation of implants. Therefore, this work not only sheds light on the significance of angiogenesis on the osteogenic fixation of an implant, but also presents a facile strategy to empower bioinert PEEK with a well-orchestrated feature of angiogenesis and osteogenesis.
Funding Information
  • State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (sklpme2019-2-05)
  • China Association for Science and Technology
  • Education Department of Sichuan Province (18ZA05193D)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (81801848, 81961160736)
  • Sichuan Province-Luzhou City-Southwest Medical University Foundation (14JC0038)
  • Hong Kong Scholar Programme
  • Sichuan University Postdoctoral Interdisciplinary Innovation Foundation
  • Doctoral Fund of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University (18059)
  • Chengdu International Science and Technology Cooperation Foundation (2017-GH02-00025-HZ)
  • Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2017FZ0046, 2018JZ0026, 2019YJ0554)

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