Electron-cyclotron heating in the presence of a dc electric field in tokamak plasmas

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Abstract
The combined effects of the dc electric field and electron-cyclotron wave absorption in tokamak plasmas are investigated. The case of the ordinary mode for nearly normal propagation from the low magnetic field side is studied by a two-dimensional Fokker–Planck code. It is found that the small fraction of the wave energy that goes into the superthermal electrons enhances the effect of the continuous pushing of the tokamak electric field.

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