Boechera or not? Genomic insights and taxonomic reassessment of the misclassified Asian species B. calcarea (Brassicaceae)

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Abstract
The genus Boechera (Brassicaceae) serves as a model system for studying apomictic reproduction and ecological adaptations, with most species concentrated in North America. Rare occurrences of Boechera species beyond their typical range offers unique opportunities to investigate genome evolution in extralimital environments. One such species, B. calcarea , was described from the Chandalaz Range in northeastern Asia (Russia). This study aimed to investigate the genome structure and evolutionary history of B. calcarea . However, our analyses reveal that the species does not belong to Boechera . Instead, an integrative approach combining cytogenetic, phylogenetic and repeatome analyses identified the species as a member of an ancestral clades within the tribe Arabideae. The diploid Parryodes calcarea (Dudkin) D.A.German & Lysak (2 n = 16) exhibits Arabideae-specific chromosomal signatures, including multiple centromere repositionings. These findings clarify the misattribution of P. calcarea to Boechera , leaving Boechera falcata and Borodinia macrophylla as the only Old World representatives of the Boechereae. This study highlights the importance of integrative methodologies in resolving taxonomic ambiguities and provides new insights into the diversification of the largest cruciferous tribe, Arabideae.
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