Beneficial Effects of Community-Based Traditional Chinese Exercises on Sleep Disturbance Among Older Adults: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials

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Abstract
Introduction: Although community-based traditional Chinese exercises (CTCEs) are increasingly recognized for their benefits on sleep, their effectiveness among community-dwelling older adults across diverse settings remains unclear. This study aimed to synthesize the effects of CTCEs on sleep disturbance in this population. Methods: Seven databases were searched for relevant articles published up to August 2025. Studies were appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. A pairwise meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results: Thirteen studies met criteria. CTCEs are effective in reducing sleep disturbance among older adults. Both Qigong and tai chi improved sleep; Qigong showed a slightly larger effect size than tai chi, but the difference between modality was not significant. Meta-regression detected no significant moderators. Conclusion: As a nonpharmacological strategy, CTCEs appear to reduce sleep disturbance in community-dwelling older adults. These findings support their integration into community-based health initiatives for aging populations.

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