Permanent Laser Scanner and Synthetic Aperture Radar Data: Correlation Characterisation at a Sandy Beach

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Abstract
In recent years, our knowledge of coastal environments has been enriched by remotely sensed data. In this research, we co-analyse two sensor systems: Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and satellite-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). To successfully extract information from a combination of different sensors systems, it should be understood how these interact with the common environment. TLS provides high-spatiotemporal-resolution information, but it has high economic costs and limited field of view. SAR systems, despite their lower resolution, provide complete, repeated, and frequent coverage. Moreover, Sentinel-1 SAR images are freely available. In the present work, Permanent terrestrial Laser Scanning (PLS) data, collected in Noordwijk (The Netherlands), are compared with simultaneous Sentinel-1 SAR images to investigate their combined use on coastal environments: knowing the relationship between SAR and PLS data, the SAR dataset could be correlated to beach characteristics. Meteorological and surface roughness have also been taken into consideration in the evaluation of the correlation between PLS and SAR data. A generally positive linear correlation factor up to 0.5 exists between PLS and SAR data. This correlation occurs for low- or moderate-wind-speed conditions, whilst no particular correlation has been highlighted for high wind intensity. Furthermore, a dependence of the linear correlation on the wind direction has been detected.

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