Tolerance to Disturbance Regulated by Attractiveness of Resources: A Case Study of Desert Bighorn Sheep Within the River Mountains, Nevada
- 1 March 2017
- journal article
- Published by Western North American Naturalist in Western North American Naturalist
- Vol. 77 (1) , 82-98
Abstract
Human activity may mimic predation risks for wildlife by causing abandonment of foraging sites and increasing expenditure of energy. Animals that can tolerate nonlethal disturbance may minimize these fitness costs. We examine this aspect of the risk—disturbance hypothesis by first analyzing recent habitat use of desert bighorn sheep relative to areas of attraction and disturbance. We then compare and contrast sheep responses to differing levels of anthropogenic disturbance between 2 time periods, 30 years apart. Desert bighorn sheep were tolerant of suburban activity when a consistent forage resource (municipal grass) was provided. Males were more tolerant than females, and females returned to natural, steep areas during the birthing season. Increased recreation activity, specifically mountain bike use, may have resulted in avoidance by sheep of otherwise suitable habitat that had been occupied decades earlier, thereby reducing availability of limited habitat. Tolerance increased only when attra... Resumen. La actividad humana puede imitar los riesgos de depredación de la vida silvestre al provocar el abandono de sitios de forrajeo y aumentar el gasto energético. Los animales que toleran perturbaciones no letales pueden minimizar estos costos en su adecuación. Examinamos esta hipótesis de riesgo por perturbación al analizar, en primer lugar, el uso reciente del hábitat del borrego cimarrón del desierto en relación con áreas de atracción y perturbación. Después, comparamos y contrastamos la respuesta de los borregos a diferentes niveles de perturbación antropogénica entre dos períodos de tiempo (30 años de diferencia). Los animales toleraban la actividad suburbana cuando se les proporcionaba un recurso de forrajeo consistente (pasto municipal). Los machos fueron más tolerantes que las hembras, y las hembras regresaron a las áreas empinadas naturales durante el período reproductivo. El aumento de la actividad recreativa, específicamente el ciclismo de montaña, pudo haber resultado en evitar un hábitat...Keywords
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