Phytomedicine in Southeast Asia: Harnessing Biodiversity for Sustainable Healthcare and Economic Growth

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Abstract
The future of phytomedicine in Southeast Asia (SEA) appears promising due to the region’s diverse tropical flora, which includes nearly 50,000 known medicinal plants. This review examines current trends in medicinal plant research, the incorporation of phytomedicine into modern healthcare systems, existing challenges, and potential solutions. Recent research has highlighted the therapeutic potential of several notable SEA medicinal plants. Moreover, some countries in the SEA, such as Thailand and Vietnam, have effectively integrated traditional medicine into their modern healthcare systems. By 2026, the herbal medicine market is expected to reach USD 104.78 billion, with Southeast Asia (SEA) playing a significant role in this global economic expansion. However, conservation challenges, methodological complexities, and strict regulatory requirements hinder the practices of phytomedicine. This review emphasizes the importance of international collaboration, technological innovation, and the implementation of sustainable policies in overcoming these challenges. Therefore, phytomedicine has the potential to enhance the global economy, drive healthcare innovation, and promote sustainability by addressing key challenges and harnessing the region’s abundant biodiversity

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