The Spin Echo, Entropy, and Experimental Design

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Abstract
The spin echo experiment is an important tool in magnetic resonance for exploring the coupling of spin systems to their local environment. The strong couplings in a typical Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) experiment lead to rapid relaxation effects that puts significant technical constraints on the kinds of time domain experiments that one can perform in ESR. Recent developments in high frequency ESR hardware have opened up new possibilities for utilizing phase-modulated or composite phase slice (CPS) pulses at 95 GHz and higher. In particular, we report preliminary results at 95 GHz on experiments performed with CPS pulses in studies of rapidly relaxing fluid state systems. In contemporary ESR, this has important consequences for the design of pulse sequences where, due to finite excitation bandwidths, contributions from the Hamiltonian dynamics and relaxation processes must be considered together in order to achieve a quantitative treatment of the effects of selective, finite bandwidth pulses on the spin system under study. The approach reported on here is generic and may be expected to be of use for solid state and fluid systems. In particular we indicate how our approach may be extended to higher frequencies, e.g., 240 GHz.

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