The key role of PIN proteins in auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots

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Abstract
Plant hormone auxin is the key factor in plant morphogenesis. Being unevenly distributed in plant tissues, it forms gradients and concentration maxima, according to which cells grow, divide, and differentiate. The family of PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins representing transmembrane auxin transporters plays the key role in the formation of auxin gradients. The plant root represents the most appropriate model for studying of morphogenesis regulation due to its relatively simple cellular organization. This review describes the expression patterns of PIN transporters and their contribution to auxin distribution in the Arabidopsis root. Mathematical models, which proved the relationship between the expression pattern of PIN proteins and auxin distribution in the root meristem are discussed.

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