Finite Element Simulations of Tip-Enhanced Raman and Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Abstract
Finite element electromagnetic simulations of scanning probe microscopy tips and substrates are presented. The enhancement of the scattered light intensity is found to be as high as 1012 for a 20 nm radius gold tip, and tip−substrate separation of 1 nm. Molecular resolution imaging (<1 nm) is achievable, even with a relatively large radius tip (20 nm). We also make predictions for imaging in aqueous environments, noting a sizable red shift of the spectral peaks. Finally, we discuss signal levels, and predict that high-speed Raman mapping should be possible with gold substrates and a small tip−substrate separation (<4 nm).

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