A revised estimation of female genital mutilation/cutting among migrants in Italy for the year 2023

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Abstract
This study presents a revised estimation of the prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) among migrant women and second-generation girls in Italy as of 1 January 2023. The study is based on an enhanced indirect estimation of the prevalence among migrants and data on first- and second-generation women legally residing in Italy as of 1 January 2023. The study estimates that approximately 88,600 women aged 15 and over have undergone FGM/C in Italy, representing 46% of migrant women from practising countries. Notably, around one-third of these women are over 50 years old, indicating that FGM/C remains a significant health concern beyond childbearing age. Among foreign-born women, 46.5% are estimated to be affected, compared to 22.5% of Italian-born women. The research also identifies approximately 16,000 girls under 15 at potential risk, with the highest numbers among those of Egyptian, Nigerian, and Senegalese descent. Methodologically, the study underscores the importance of refining indirect estimation techniques to account for the socio-demographic selectivity of migration. While the overall prevalence of FGM/C is decreasing, the persistence of the practice among specific communities calls for targeted interventions. The findings emphasise the need for culturally sensitive awareness campaigns, strengthened legal frameworks, and accessible healthcare services. Furthermore, this research contributes to the European discourse on FGM/C by providing a replicable estimation model adaptable to other non-practising countries receiving migrants from FGM/C-prevalent regions. Periodic replication of such estimates can provide valuable insights into evolving FGM/C trends, aiding policymakers in resource allocation and intervention strategies to eradicate the practice.

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