Potential Antibacterial Efficacy of Garlic Extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae: An In vitro Study

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Abstract
Background: Garlic has been recommended by many ancient medicines such as the Chinese and the Indian medicine to cure respiratory and digestive issues along with treating microbial infestation and leprosy. The therapeutic effects encompass many advantages in the field of cardiovascular system, antibiotics, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and hormone-like effects. Aims and Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the garlic antibacterial effect against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pneumoniae from patients attending referral hospital. Materials and Methods: The isolation of bacteria was done from pus sample collected from referral hospital, Bedar, Karnataka, with sterile swabs. The study samples were inoculated under aseptic conditions on culture media such as nutrient agar, blood agar, and MacConkey agar plates and isolated the pathogen bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and S. aureus. The garlic bulbs were peeled off and then ligated using pestle simultaneously with addition of minor quantity of H2O for preparation of plant extract and study the antimicrobial effect of garlic on these bacteria. Results: The result showed that garlic extracts have a high range of antibacterial effect against both Gram-negative (E. coli and K. pneumoniae) and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus. Conclusion: The present study observations revealed that garlic makes large clear zones in comparison to the currently available antibiotics used in the study. The potentiality of the garlic can be utilized in the field of antibacterial agents. It can be prepared in the form of tablets in the best concentrations and affordable dosages so that it can be used as medicine against these pathogenic organisms.

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