WHO-5 well-being index as screening instrument for psychological comorbidity in patients with temporomandibular disorder

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Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) with the Oral Health Impact Profile-49 (OHIP-49) questionnaire as screening tools to detect psychological comorbidity in TMDs. Methods: A TMD group (92 patients, 42.8 ± 17.1 yrs) and a control group (90 patients of the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, 38.9 ± 10.1 yrs) completed the WHO-5 and the OHIP-49 questionnaire. Results: The patients with TMD reported significantly greater OHIP-49 sum scores than controls (47.5 ± 34.7 vs. 7.7 ± 12.1; p < 0.001). The mean raw score of the WHO-5 was significantly less, with 45.6 ± 20.6 points for patients with TMD than the 73.2 ± 15.6 points found for controls (p < 0.001). The OHIP sum score and the WHO-5 raw score were significantly associated (r = 0.705, p < 0.001). Both instruments exhibited excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.967 and 0.883, respectively). Conclusions: WHO-5 proved to be an effective and economic screening instrument to detect psychological comorbidity in TMDs. Implementing WHO-5 in standard care could contribute to more individualized interdisciplinary psychotherapy and/or functional therapy.

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