Electro-optic sampling of classical and quantum light

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Abstract
Full characterization of electric-field waveforms in amplitude and phase is achieved across the terahertz to visible spectral range through interaction with an optical pulse shorter than a half-cycle period via the Pockels (linear electro-optic) effect. This technique of electro-optic sampling has become an indispensable tool in various areas, including ultrafast pump-probe, time-domain and frequency-comb spectroscopies, quantum optics, high-harmonic generation, and attosecond science, and holds great promise for further advances. Not only does it enable spectroscopic measurements with record dynamic range and temporal resolution, along with massively parallel real-time spectral data acquisition, but its remarkable sensitivity also allows the detection of vacuum fluctuations, i.e., “zero-point motion” of electric fields, profoundly impacting our understanding of the fundamental laws of nature.
Funding Information
  • Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-23-1-0126)
  • U.S. Department of Energy (BR #KA2601020)
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Project ID 425217212, SFB 1432, Project-ID 390713860)
  • Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea (2020R1A2C1008500)
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
  • Canada Research Chairs
  • Fonds de recherche du Québec -Nature et technologies
  • Institut transdisciplinaire d’information quantique
  • European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme (101070700, project MIRAQLS)
  • State Research Center OPTIMAS
  • European Research Council (101088303)

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