This paper, which cautions against overzealous correction of hemoglobin in chronic renal failure, highlights the fact that the aggressive use of erythropoietin when aiming for a target hemoglobin value of 13.5g per deciliter versus a lower value of 11.3g per deciliter can lead to increased risk of death, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and strokes. Data from this and other recent papers {1} suggest that the optimal target level for hemoglobin in patients with chronic kidney disease should be between 11.0 to 11.5g per deciliter. This study is of additional value in that it confirms other recent randomized studies {2-4} which, using a variety of endpoints such as cardiovascular indices and mortality rate, also conclude that aiming for high hemoglobin values is not necessarily a good thing in those with chronic kidney disease. While still speculative, the potential reasons for adverse events resulting from maintenance of hemoglobin values close to normal could include a small, but consistent, increase in blood pressure, thrombosis, vasoconstriction, platelet adhesiveness and blood viscosity. Whereas there is a body of literature suggesting that reduction of iron levels in the body leads to decreased incidence of progression of end-stage renal disease, the addition of iron to aggressive erythropoietin regimens could also have been contributory to both oxidative damage and iron overload related renal and cardiovascular risks.