STEPS IN BIOFILM SAMPLING AND CHARACTERIZATION IN BIOFOULING CASES

Authors:
  • HFHans-Curt Flemming
    Hans-Curt Flemming
  • USUlrich Szewzyk
    Ulrich Szewzyk
  • TGThomas Griebe
    Thomas Griebe
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Abstract
If problems that are suspected of originating from biofouling arise in tech­nical water systems, it is important to verify this assumption to design ap­ propriate countermeasures. Because biofouling is generally a biofilm problem (Characklis et al., 1990), detection of biofilms is the analytical key to verify the diagnosis “biofouling.”