Effects of outflow from the surface of a sphere on drag, shear lift, and scalar diffusion

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Abstract
A three-dimensional numerical simulation of an isothermal flow past a solid sphere with outflow in a linear shear flow is performed to investigate the effects of the outflow on drag and shear lift. In addition, the effects of the outflow and the fluid shear on diffusion and reaction of reactant from the surface of the sphere are also discussed. The results show that the outflow reduces the drag, and, in the linear shear flow, acts to push the sphere to the lower fluid velocity side and promote the negative lift for the high particle Reynolds numbers. The diffusion and reaction of the reactant from the surface of the sphere are strongly affected by the outflow and the fluid shear because these factors cause the deformation of vortices appearing behind the sphere.

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